WHAT IS INPUT and OUTPUT DEVICES COMPLETE DEFENATION WITH PICS

Input/Output Devices.

Input/Output devices can be defined as "Input and output devices enable computer to interact with the external world". we can enter data and instructions into the computer with the help of input devices and as a result computer after processing sends the results to the output devices. There are a number of different types of input/output devices are available.

Input Devices.

The devices used to enter data into the computer are called input devices. The most commonly used input devices are given below.

Ø      keyboard

Ø      Mouse

Ø      Microphone

The diagrame shown below tells us the different categories of input devices.

Keyboard.

A keyboard is standard input device used to send instructional data into computer. They keyboard is just like the typewriter machine. The modern keyboard contains some extra command keys and functions keys.

The keys on computer keyboards are classified as follows

Alphanumeric keys

            These keys are used to enter alphabets, numbers and other special characters into computer. Alphabet keys consists of  A to Z keys containing upper & lower case letters.  Numeric keys consists of number keys. These keys starts from 0 to 9.

Numeric keys

Numeric Keys are used to input numbers into the computer. It also contains keys for mathematical operations i.e. addition, multiply, divide etc.

Function Keys

These keys are used to perform different functions depending upon the application. These keys provide shortcuts for doing routine tasks on a computer. these keys are marked from F1 to F12. Usually these functions keys are used with CTRL key, ALT key and SHIFT Key. The combination of these keys results in large number of keyboard shortcuts.

Cursor control keys

Cursor is used to present the position for the keyboard's input command. These are four keys which are used to move cursor left, right, up and down position. Movement of these keys don't fact any character on the screen.

Enter Key:

This key is used to enter commands or to move cursor to the starting point of the next line of a paragraph.

Esc Key:

(Esc mean Escape)... This key is used to close some windows applications.

Delete Key:

This key deletes the character at the current cursor position. It can be used also to delete selected area or object.

Caps Lock Key:

This key changes all alphabetic characters to be uppercase.

End keys:    

This key moves the cursor to the end of the line, page or file depending where the cursor is located on the page and on which programe is running.

Ctrl Key

(Ctrl for Control) This key is used in combination with other keys to produce special characters.

Alt Key

(Alt for Alternate). This key is used in combination with other key to produce special characters.

Tab Key..

This key enables the cursor to jump a number of spaces to the right on the screen.

Backspace key:

This key is used to delete the character present at the left of the cursor.

Page up & Page Down.

Often this is abbreviated as “pgup and pgdn”. This is usually used to move the cursor up or down certain fixed number of lines.

Home

This key Moves the cursor to the left starting corner of the line or the beginning of page or file depending where the cursor is and on which programe is running.

Space bar.

Every time when you press space, it moves the cursor one space to the right. 

Mouse.

A mouse is an input device that rolls around on a flat surface and controls the pointer on a display screen. The pointer is an on-screen object. Usually an arrow, that is used to select text, access menus, and interact with programes. A typical mouse has tow buttons. Some mouse also contains a scroll wheel which are useful for scrolling through long documents. New mouse is called optical mouse. this type of mouse is getting popular now a days instead of roller ball.  To control the movement of pointer on screen it uses light reflection. .

Joystick

Joystick is an input device used for games. It is like a lever that moves in all directions and controls the movement of a pointer. To stop the pointer we must have to return the joystick to its neutral position.

Scanner.

Scanner is also a input device. We can save any image in picture format in our computer. Optical character Recognition software is necessary to read this image and convert it to actual text data and this software varies widely in its ability to do so.

Microphone.

Microphone is an input device. It is used to record audio data. It can be plugged into a computer or recorder.

MOST COMMON WINDOWS PROBLEMS AND THERE SOLUTIONS

common pc problems and their solutions.

1.       My computer’s speed is very slow.

Ans.   There are many reasons for slow speed of computer. At first Increase your RAM (random access memory). In P-4 system 256Mb ram is recommended. Your can increase up to 512 or 1gb for best result.  2^nd: Check your hard drive for physical or logical errors or bad sectors. Often Bad sector reduces the speed of computer. 3^rd: Check for virus in your computer and also remove unwanted and unnecessary files from your system. These tips will improve the speed of your computer.

2.       During installation of windows xp, setup shows a error “setup can’t copy the 

          files….) when reaches at ‘Kernal Debuger).

Ans. When you try to install XP windows and during setup at “Kernal Debuger” point you see a error, it mean that there is some problem in your system’s Random Access Memory (RAM). Replace your system’s ram and run setup again.

3.       When I start my pc, a message appears “operating system not found”

Ans.   1^st. start your pc and by pressing Dell or F2 enter into system setup and check your hard drive detection. In advance system option check for Primary or secondary drive. If your data cable and power supply connector is connected accurately with hard, then here you will see the capacity of hard drive. In this case you have lost your operating system and so install again windows. 2^nd: If you didn’t find any hard drive detection in setup, it mean that cables are not connected with hard drive. Also there could be any physical problem in your hard drive.

4.       There is not display on monitor. Beep Found.

Ans.   When you start your pc, you just hear a beep and there is no display at all. If you hear beep 2 times continuously, it mean there is some problem in your Ram and if you hear beep once after a little gape, it means your display adapter is not working. In case of display card (VGA) you can also check the connectivity of card on your mother board if you are using external card. In case of built-in, use external VGA card.

5.       When I play any 3d game, my system goes slow down.

Ans.   When a system become slow while playing a game, it means you are using low speed graphic card. Many cards are available in market. Mostly 128MB or 256MB card gives better performance for games and graphics.

6.       Video movie doesn’t play in normal speed. 

Ans.   It is also because of low speed graphic card. Replace with high speed graphic card, as a result video result will be better.

7.       When I play a song or video movie, system stops

Ans.    This problem is often caused by sound hardware. When we play a movie then graphics and sound both work at same time. So if any hardware is not functioning well then your system will become hang.

8.       How can I improve Windows XP speed?

Ans.   There are some tips for improving XP speed. Clean your desktop and delete all unnecessary & unwanted file from your desktop. Run disk clean up to remove unwanted files from your system, Run disk Defragmenter to increase more space for windows to work fast. click start, run, type. "prefetch" and enter. A new window will appear, remove all files shown there. Again click start, run, type "%temp%" and press enter. remove all files shown in the new window. By applying these setting you can increase speed of your computer.

BURN CD WITHOUT SOFTWARE IN WINDOWS XP

Burn a cd in win xp without any burning software.

In win. 98, Me, 2000, often a software is used to burn a CD, but Windows XP comes with a builtin CD copy feature. If you are using a system which has not any burning software don’t worry. With the help of windows XP feature, you can write some data or any music files to a CD/DVD or erase it also.

 Main Requirement.

Before you erase or write a CD you need to enable the CD-R features n windows XP. For this purpose:

• Double click on “My Computer”
• Right click on CD Drive and select “Properties”.
• Select the last option “Recording”
• Select by clicking “Enable CD recording on this drive”
• Also select Fastest for quick writing speed.
• And at last click “Ok”
• You’re done. Now the windows XP is ready to write or erase any CD/DVD.

Method to Format the Disk.  

You are using the CD for writing purpose, make sure that disk is blank. You might need to format it before use. For this purpose

• Insert a Rewritable CD/DVD into the drive.
• Double click on “My Computer”
• Open CD-Rom drive.
• Windows opens that shows the contents of the CD, on the left panel click on the menu. “Erase this CD-RW”.
• On the windows “CD writing wizard” click “Next”
• The wizard starts to erase or format the CD.
• After complete process, the wizard will disappear.
• You should confirm that windows don’t show any files on the CD,
• It is complete now. You’re done.

Method to Burn a CD on XP without any software.  

• At first insert a formatted CD (CD-R) disc into the CD drive.
• Double click on “My Computer”
• Select the files & folders and press “Ctrl + c” to copy.
• Double click on CD Rom drive and press “Ctrl + v” to paste.
• You will see as temporary files/folders at this time.
• Select “Write these files to CD” on the left panel.
•  The window “CD Writing Wizard” appears.
• Window shows default name of CD but you can change the CD name if you wish, then click “Next”
• The “CD Writing Wizard” starts to write files to the CD.

After the successful completion of the CD Writing process, the wizard will disappear and the CD Rom ejects CD automatically.

TIPS TO MAKE YOUR COMPUTER LIFE LONG

TIPS FOR THE SAFETY OF COMPUTER.

Here some tips for the safety of computer. A user can get better result and performance of computer speed by acting upon these tips. 

• Don't  turn off your computer during working position of windows.
• Alway turn off you computer manually by clicking on start menu and select shut down. If you are not using a mouse then simply press windows key and then press "U key" 2 times. 
• Before connecting new hardware i.e cd rom, ram, hard drive etc, Turn off computer completely.
• Always close Cd Rom by pressing its button, don't apply force on the gate of CD Rom.
• Don't keep your computer near dinning table and also don't keep any liquid or water near your CPU. 
• Keep you system in airy atmosphere. 
• You can use AC in your compute room.
• Don't use water room cooler in front of CPU.
• Always turn off computer manually and disconnect your computer from the AC current.

LEARN INPAGE URDU TYPING SOFTWARE

 

 

HOW TO REMOVE WINDOWS XP ADMIN PASSWORD BY DELETE 2 FILES

 

Delete administrative password.

If you have forgotten your administrative password then still you can boot your computer by deleting password. Just follow these steps.

1.                 Put your hard disk in any other computer.

2.                 Attach your hard as a secondary hard disk.

3.                 Now start pc and open “My computer”

4.                 Open the drive of your hard disk in which your window is installed.

5.                 open windows then system 32 and at last config

6.                 Delete 2 files. sam.exe and sam.log

7.                 again put your hard disk in your own pc and boot it.

8.                 There is no password…….

HOW TO MAKE YOUR COMPUTER TALK

 

You can create voice from your computer. whatever you will write in the box, computer will talk the same words. process the given below. 

•  open notepad and write this code. 

Dim message, sapi
message=InputBox("aslam-o-alaikum friend. order me to talk something?","Speak to Me")
Set sapi=CreateObject("sapi.spvoice")
sapi.Speak message

• in this code i have written (aslam alaikum friend order me to talk something) but you can change it but don't change any other word from the code. 
• Now save this file with extension .vbs
• Now write some thing in the box and click ok
• You will hear the written sentence.
• Try it now.

HOW TO CHECK THE MEMORY SIZE OF GRAPHIC CARD.

 

CHECK THE MEMORY SIZE OF GRAPHIC CARD. 

You can easily check the memory size of vga card which you are using in your computer. vga 

card of high memory size helps to play heavy games. It also gives better performance to 

those who use Corel and Adobe Photoshop. vga mean "Video Graphic Adapter" To check the 

memory just follow the steps.

1. Right click your desktop and click on properties.

2. Now click on "setting".

3. Click on "advance"

4. Now click on "Adapter".

Here you will see the information about your vga card. You can check chipe type, DAC type, Memory size and bios information.

HOW TO INSTALL WINDOWS FROM USB, PEN DRIVE

If you want to install windows xp on your pc and you feel that your CD drive is not working properly or you have no any optical drive to install windows, than you  can prepare a USB device for installation of windows XP, vista or  7. This is very easy and simple way to make a boot able usb. Normally all notebooks have the option in the BIOS to boot from USB. Many other mother boards like intel 865, 915, 965 etc has also option to boot from USB device. So it is very simple and easy way to install XP on you computer. 

To make a bootable usb, first of all you will install a software "wintoflash". you can easily download this software from the web. The size of this software is approximately 17MB. Install it on your computer and then start this program. It has two different paths. In first browse option you will select windows XP disk and in second browse option, select your Pen drive/USB. Click next to proceed. It will copy all files of windows xp from CD to USB. Now click finish. It is complete. Now you can use this USB for installation of windows.

 

HOW TO DISABLE ERROR REPORTING IN WIN XP

Remove Error in Windows Xp.

Some time an error occurs while you are using XP. A little dialogue box appears asking if you want to send report to Microsoft for this accident or not? Mostly when we press the button “Don’t send” The software we are using, turns off and we do not get any chance to save our working data. You can solve this problem simply and after this process you will not see this error box again. Just follow these steps.

  

Right click on “My computer” and click on ‘Properties”

On system properties dialogue box click on ‘advance tab”

Click on the error reporting button.

Click on “Disable error reporting”

It’s better for you to Place checkmark on “But notify me when critical errors occurs”

Now click Ok.

HOW TO INCREASE SPEED OF HARD DISK TRANSFER

It is common observation that some times our computer slows down due to low performance of hard drive. This problem happens due to the slow performance or poor speed of hard drive. When we say about poor performance, actually we mean, poor speed of reading/writing of hard drive. This problem can be solved by increasing the hard drive speed. Follow these steps to solve your problem.

Click Start menu and select run.

Now type (sysedit.exe) in run and press enter.

System configuration editor will appear.

Here you can see some multiple windows but you will select (system.ini).

This window contains a line (386enh)

Now after this line type (irq14=4096)

Now close this window and save it.

Reboot your computer now.

You will surely feel better performance of your computer.

Enjoy.

HOW TO USE KEYBOARD WITH MOUSE (ON SCREEN KEYBOARD)

If you feel that your external keyboard is not working properly or some particular key is not functioning then you can use internal keyboard on your desktop screen. This property of keyboard is found in windows xp and seven. Just follow these steps

Go to start menu and press “run”

Type  “osk”

Now press enter.

(note. Don’t use commas)

you will see keyboard on your desktop screen. Now use mouse to click on keys for operation.

Most Common PC Problems And Their Easy Solutions

1.       My computer’s speed is very slow.

Ans.   There are many reasons for slow speed of computer. At first Increase your RAM (random access memory). In P-4 system 256Mb ram is recommended. Your can increase up to 512 or 1gb for best result.  2^nd: Check your hard drive for physical or logical errors or bad sectors. Often Bad sector reduces the speed of computer. 3^rd: Check for virus in your computer and also remove unwanted and unnecessary files from your system. These tips will improve the speed of your computer.

2.       During installation of windows xp, setup shows a error “setup can’t copy the 

          files….) when reaches at ‘Kernal Debuger).

Ans. When you try to install XP windows and during setup at “Kernal Debuger” point you see a error, it mean that there is some problem in your system’s Random Access Memory (RAM). Replace your system’s ram and run setup again.

3.       When I start my pc, a message appears “operating system not found”

Ans.   1^st. start your pc and by pressing Dell or F2 enter into system setup and check your hard drive detection. In advance system option check for Primary or secondary drive. If your data cable and power supply connector is connected accurately with hard, then here you will see the capacity of hard drive. In this case you have lost your operating system and so install again windows. 2^nd: If you didn’t find any hard drive detection in setup, it mean that cables are not connected with hard drive. Also there could be any physical problem in your hard drive.

4.       There is not display on monitor. Beep Found.

Ans.   When you start your pc, you just hear a beep and there is no display at all. If you hear beep 2 times continuously, it mean there is some problem in your Ram and if you hear beep once after a little gape, it means your display adapter is not working. In case of display card (VGA) you can also check the connectivity of card on your mother board if you are using external card. In case of built-in, use external VGA card.

5.       When I play any 3d game, my system goes slow down.

Ans.   When a system become slow while playing a game, it means you are using low speed graphic card. Many cards are available in market. Mostly 128MB or 256MB card gives better performance for games and graphics.

6.       Video movie doesn’t play in normal speed. 

Ans.   It is also because of low speed graphic card. Replace with high speed graphic card, as a result video result will be better.

7.       When I play a song or video movie, system stops

Ans.    This problem is often caused by sound hardware. When we play a movie then graphics and sound both work at same time. So if any hardware is not functioning well then your system will become hang.

8.       How can I improve Windows XP speed?

Ans.   There are some tips for improving XP speed. Clean your desktop and delete all unnecessary & unwanted file from your desktop. Run disk clean up to remove unwanted files from your system, Run disk Defragmenter to increase more space for windows to work fast. click start, run, type. "prefetch" and enter. A new window will appear, remove all files shown there. Again click start, run, type "%temp%" and press enter. remove all files shown in the new window. By applying these setting you can increase speed of your computer.