WHAT IS INPUT and OUTPUT DEVICES COMPLETE DEFENATION WITH PICS

Input/Output Devices.

Input/Output devices can be defined as "Input and output devices enable computer to interact with the external world". we can enter data and instructions into the computer with the help of input devices and as a result computer after processing sends the results to the output devices. There are a number of different types of input/output devices are available.

Input Devices.

The devices used to enter data into the computer are called input devices. The most commonly used input devices are given below.

Ø      keyboard

Ø      Mouse

Ø      Microphone

The diagrame shown below tells us the different categories of input devices.

Keyboard.

A keyboard is standard input device used to send instructional data into computer. They keyboard is just like the typewriter machine. The modern keyboard contains some extra command keys and functions keys.

The keys on computer keyboards are classified as follows

Alphanumeric keys

            These keys are used to enter alphabets, numbers and other special characters into computer. Alphabet keys consists of  A to Z keys containing upper & lower case letters.  Numeric keys consists of number keys. These keys starts from 0 to 9.

Numeric keys

Numeric Keys are used to input numbers into the computer. It also contains keys for mathematical operations i.e. addition, multiply, divide etc.

Function Keys

These keys are used to perform different functions depending upon the application. These keys provide shortcuts for doing routine tasks on a computer. these keys are marked from F1 to F12. Usually these functions keys are used with CTRL key, ALT key and SHIFT Key. The combination of these keys results in large number of keyboard shortcuts.

Cursor control keys

Cursor is used to present the position for the keyboard's input command. These are four keys which are used to move cursor left, right, up and down position. Movement of these keys don't fact any character on the screen.

Enter Key:

This key is used to enter commands or to move cursor to the starting point of the next line of a paragraph.

Esc Key:

(Esc mean Escape)... This key is used to close some windows applications.

Delete Key:

This key deletes the character at the current cursor position. It can be used also to delete selected area or object.

Caps Lock Key:

This key changes all alphabetic characters to be uppercase.

End keys:    

This key moves the cursor to the end of the line, page or file depending where the cursor is located on the page and on which programe is running.

Ctrl Key

(Ctrl for Control) This key is used in combination with other keys to produce special characters.

Alt Key

(Alt for Alternate). This key is used in combination with other key to produce special characters.

Tab Key..

This key enables the cursor to jump a number of spaces to the right on the screen.

Backspace key:

This key is used to delete the character present at the left of the cursor.

Page up & Page Down.

Often this is abbreviated as “pgup and pgdn”. This is usually used to move the cursor up or down certain fixed number of lines.

Home

This key Moves the cursor to the left starting corner of the line or the beginning of page or file depending where the cursor is and on which programe is running.

Space bar.

Every time when you press space, it moves the cursor one space to the right. 

Mouse.

A mouse is an input device that rolls around on a flat surface and controls the pointer on a display screen. The pointer is an on-screen object. Usually an arrow, that is used to select text, access menus, and interact with programes. A typical mouse has tow buttons. Some mouse also contains a scroll wheel which are useful for scrolling through long documents. New mouse is called optical mouse. this type of mouse is getting popular now a days instead of roller ball.  To control the movement of pointer on screen it uses light reflection. .

Joystick

Joystick is an input device used for games. It is like a lever that moves in all directions and controls the movement of a pointer. To stop the pointer we must have to return the joystick to its neutral position.

Scanner.

Scanner is also a input device. We can save any image in picture format in our computer. Optical character Recognition software is necessary to read this image and convert it to actual text data and this software varies widely in its ability to do so.

Microphone.

Microphone is an input device. It is used to record audio data. It can be plugged into a computer or recorder.

HOW TO INSTALLATION WIN XP / SOFTWARES (Complete guidance for installation)

Windows XP installation. (Complete guidance for installation)  

In this page we will teach you the process of windows xp installation and different software. Most popular name Microsoft has designed this operating system. windows xp has all types of features  associated with composing, designing, internet, games etc. 

Now we will start the method to install xp. 

In a fresh pc, we turned on the pc and press delete key or F2 for entering bois. here we will select the booting path. we select Cd rom as first boot device and then save setting and restart the pc. After restarting the pc system will boot from Xp disk which we have entered in Cd rom drive. you will see a massage "Press any key to boot from cd". Here we press any key. Setup starts automatically. After loading some necessary system files a screen message appears. 

We will press the enter key

Next screen appears and we see a agreement page. Here we must have to agree with the policies of Microsoft. For this this purpose we will press F8 key. .

In next step we create partition of Hard drive. In fresh PC system will show "Partitioned space"  We create partition by pressing C key and enter value in MB. For example if you have 80gb hard drive and you want to divide it in 4 parts then you will enter 20000 at first. then 20000 3 times after pressing C key. 

After creating Partition you will select C partition for XP installation. .

Next we will format the partition. setup will show you the four lines for formatting. the hard drive. 

Format drive on NTFS system (quickly) 

Format drive on NTFS system

Format drive on Fat 32 system (quickly)

Format drive on Fat 32 system

we will select NTFS to format the disk. we highlight the line and press enter. Pressing F setup will formats the C Drive and copies windows file into the hard drive. after completion of copying files, system reboots.

Now again message will appear "press any key to boot from cd" but now we will not press any key. As a result system will boot from hard drive and windows xp starts. 

It takes 15 to 25 min to install the complete window. at first after installing hardware setup will be ask for CD key of xp. here we will add 14 digit keys in the specified location. XP key is given below.

((((CD KEY WILL BE PROVIDED YOU AT CD JACKET)

Before entering key you will write your name and company name. after entering cd key press next. 

After this you are free window will automatically install itself on your computer and finally restarts.

Driver's Installation.

After complete installation. we need to install the system software like VGA, SOUND, NETWORK etc. 

For this purpose

• Right click on My Computer 
• Click on Manage.
• Click on Device Manager (System will show uninstall hardware list with question mark)
• Insert the Driver's CD in Cd rom drive.
• Right click on 1st hardware and select upgrade.
• Select "This time only" and click next.
• Select "install the software automatically (recommended) and click next  
• Window will automatically select the particular driver for that hardware
• Then click finish and reboot if necessary.

MOST COMMON WINDOWS PROBLEMS AND THERE SOLUTIONS

common pc problems and their solutions.

1.       My computer’s speed is very slow.

Ans.   There are many reasons for slow speed of computer. At first Increase your RAM (random access memory). In P-4 system 256Mb ram is recommended. Your can increase up to 512 or 1gb for best result.  2^nd: Check your hard drive for physical or logical errors or bad sectors. Often Bad sector reduces the speed of computer. 3^rd: Check for virus in your computer and also remove unwanted and unnecessary files from your system. These tips will improve the speed of your computer.

2.       During installation of windows xp, setup shows a error “setup can’t copy the 

          files….) when reaches at ‘Kernal Debuger).

Ans. When you try to install XP windows and during setup at “Kernal Debuger” point you see a error, it mean that there is some problem in your system’s Random Access Memory (RAM). Replace your system’s ram and run setup again.

3.       When I start my pc, a message appears “operating system not found”

Ans.   1^st. start your pc and by pressing Dell or F2 enter into system setup and check your hard drive detection. In advance system option check for Primary or secondary drive. If your data cable and power supply connector is connected accurately with hard, then here you will see the capacity of hard drive. In this case you have lost your operating system and so install again windows. 2^nd: If you didn’t find any hard drive detection in setup, it mean that cables are not connected with hard drive. Also there could be any physical problem in your hard drive.

4.       There is not display on monitor. Beep Found.

Ans.   When you start your pc, you just hear a beep and there is no display at all. If you hear beep 2 times continuously, it mean there is some problem in your Ram and if you hear beep once after a little gape, it means your display adapter is not working. In case of display card (VGA) you can also check the connectivity of card on your mother board if you are using external card. In case of built-in, use external VGA card.

5.       When I play any 3d game, my system goes slow down.

Ans.   When a system become slow while playing a game, it means you are using low speed graphic card. Many cards are available in market. Mostly 128MB or 256MB card gives better performance for games and graphics.

6.       Video movie doesn’t play in normal speed. 

Ans.   It is also because of low speed graphic card. Replace with high speed graphic card, as a result video result will be better.

7.       When I play a song or video movie, system stops

Ans.    This problem is often caused by sound hardware. When we play a movie then graphics and sound both work at same time. So if any hardware is not functioning well then your system will become hang.

8.       How can I improve Windows XP speed?

Ans.   There are some tips for improving XP speed. Clean your desktop and delete all unnecessary & unwanted file from your desktop. Run disk clean up to remove unwanted files from your system, Run disk Defragmenter to increase more space for windows to work fast. click start, run, type. "prefetch" and enter. A new window will appear, remove all files shown there. Again click start, run, type "%temp%" and press enter. remove all files shown in the new window. By applying these setting you can increase speed of your computer.

BURN CD WITHOUT SOFTWARE IN WINDOWS XP

Burn a cd in win xp without any burning software.

In win. 98, Me, 2000, often a software is used to burn a CD, but Windows XP comes with a builtin CD copy feature. If you are using a system which has not any burning software don’t worry. With the help of windows XP feature, you can write some data or any music files to a CD/DVD or erase it also.

 Main Requirement.

Before you erase or write a CD you need to enable the CD-R features n windows XP. For this purpose:

• Double click on “My Computer”
• Right click on CD Drive and select “Properties”.
• Select the last option “Recording”
• Select by clicking “Enable CD recording on this drive”
• Also select Fastest for quick writing speed.
• And at last click “Ok”
• You’re done. Now the windows XP is ready to write or erase any CD/DVD.

Method to Format the Disk.  

You are using the CD for writing purpose, make sure that disk is blank. You might need to format it before use. For this purpose

• Insert a Rewritable CD/DVD into the drive.
• Double click on “My Computer”
• Open CD-Rom drive.
• Windows opens that shows the contents of the CD, on the left panel click on the menu. “Erase this CD-RW”.
• On the windows “CD writing wizard” click “Next”
• The wizard starts to erase or format the CD.
• After complete process, the wizard will disappear.
• You should confirm that windows don’t show any files on the CD,
• It is complete now. You’re done.

Method to Burn a CD on XP without any software.  

• At first insert a formatted CD (CD-R) disc into the CD drive.
• Double click on “My Computer”
• Select the files & folders and press “Ctrl + c” to copy.
• Double click on CD Rom drive and press “Ctrl + v” to paste.
• You will see as temporary files/folders at this time.
• Select “Write these files to CD” on the left panel.
•  The window “CD Writing Wizard” appears.
• Window shows default name of CD but you can change the CD name if you wish, then click “Next”
• The “CD Writing Wizard” starts to write files to the CD.

After the successful completion of the CD Writing process, the wizard will disappear and the CD Rom ejects CD automatically.

TIPS TO MAKE YOUR COMPUTER LIFE LONG

TIPS FOR THE SAFETY OF COMPUTER.

Here some tips for the safety of computer. A user can get better result and performance of computer speed by acting upon these tips. 

• Don't  turn off your computer during working position of windows.
• Alway turn off you computer manually by clicking on start menu and select shut down. If you are not using a mouse then simply press windows key and then press "U key" 2 times. 
• Before connecting new hardware i.e cd rom, ram, hard drive etc, Turn off computer completely.
• Always close Cd Rom by pressing its button, don't apply force on the gate of CD Rom.
• Don't keep your computer near dinning table and also don't keep any liquid or water near your CPU. 
• Keep you system in airy atmosphere. 
• You can use AC in your compute room.
• Don't use water room cooler in front of CPU.
• Always turn off computer manually and disconnect your computer from the AC current.

USE-FULL NOTEPAD TRICKS.

hint for world trade center

Every body knows about 9/11.  The flight number of that plane was Q33N. Ok now see some amazing trick.

1.   Open notepad and type this number Q33N.

2.   Increase font size to 70, or 80 etc.

3.   Now select this number and change its font to “Wingdings”

4.   As a result you will be shocked to see the resultant shape.

                                  Q33N

LOG TRICK. (DIARY WITH AUTO DATE & TIME)

             If you want to make a diary which inserts date and time automatically then.

1.   Open notepad

2.   Type ( .LOG ) (no brackets)

3.   Save this file with any name e.g. diary etc.

4.   Reopen the file and see the log book magic.

5.   You will see that the current date and time are automatically inserted.

6.   It will happen every time

 

NOTEPADE “HIDE TEXT” MAGIC

·   Open notepad and type 4 words separated by spaces. The letters of these words should be 4,3,3,5. For example you can write “mark the kid ahead” or “boys are not quick”  it is also called 4335 rule.

·    Save this file with any name.

·    Reopen your file and see magic.

RESTART YOUR PC QUICKLY.

This trick helps you to shut down your computer quickly after showing a message box. To apply this trick:

·    Open notepad

·    Write this code

@echo off

Msg* I am dead tired now.

Shutdown –c “Error! I will sleep now! Good byeee” –s

·    Save this file on desktop with bat extension.

·    Done.

·    Double click on the saved file, you will see a message and your pc will restart.

DISABLE AUTORUN OF USB AND CD, DVD DRIVES

Disable autorun option of usb or cd dvd drives.

Many people know that when ever they plug in their USB drive into the USB port, automatically an auto play option gets executed. Similarly when they insert CD or DVD in drive, it also shows same option of auto run. Sometime it becomes very dangerous for your computer because if your USB drive contains any virus then it gets executed along with auto run files. As a result your computer or operating system becomes slow. There is a trick to solve this problem. Just follow these steps.

1. Click start menu and click on RUN.
2. Type “GPEDIT.MSC” and press enter.
3. Click on Computer Configuration, then click on “administrative templates”
4. Now click on “system” and you will see a list on right side of the window.
5. Search Line No. 16. (Turn Off Auto play)
6. Double click on it and on the resultant window click on “enable”
7. Select “All Drive” to disable all drives.
8. Click on apply. Done.